Viaggio ad Auschwitz: perché ricordare è importante

Many people were horrified when I said I was going to the Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum in Oświęcim, near Krakow (Poland). They all said it would’ve ruined my trip, tainting it with bad and sad memories. To be honest, I wanted to go to Krakow because I wanted to see Auschwitz-Birkenau with my own eyes. I was aware of the fact that it was going to be hard (even if I really had no idea of how hard until I was there), but even now I still firmly believe that it’s our duty to witness the horror and spread the word.

While in the past there were still so many people who just didn’t believe that such horrors had ever happened, thinking that somehow the survivors were even making up stories in spite of the Germans, nowadays things have finally changed. We recently got to see Nebel im August a German docudrama that narrated the story of a Roma boy placed in a mental hospital that experiences the Nazi euthanasia program. Everyone and their mother have seen Steven Spielberg’s Schindler’s List, well I invite you to see also Nebel im August to prepare yourself for the Auschwitz experience. It’s important to remember that the Nazi believed they had the right to kill all the people who weren’t useful to the society. So handicapped, those who suffered from a psychiatric condition or homosexuals, just to mention some. That’s why I believe this is still a lesson that modern society should to be reminded of, so we won’t make the same mistakes ever again.

Let’s start by saying that what really got to me was the silence. We visited the Auschwitz-Birkenau memorial in January and it was snowing. We were freezing, thinking there wasn’t going to be anyone around and still there were lots of groups visiting just like us. In the camp you will probably hear the guides explaining the horrors in several languages, or the sounds of those crying for what they are seeing.  Aside from that, there’s a surreal silence. Visitors just don’t know what to say to describe what they are feeling.

The thing that disgusted me more than anything? Having to wait in line for people who were shooting silly selfies under the entrance gate with its ‘Arbeit macht frei’ (Work sets you free) sign as if it was a mode event.Followed right after by those who kept on shooting photos even when it was clearly stated that they shouldn’t have, out of respect for those who died in the camp.

Please, always remember that this is a place where 1.1 million died, out of 1.3 million deported there. It’s not a luna park: respect the memory of those who lost their life in atrocious ways here.

Tickets for individuals are free unless you want to book a guided tour. You can book your entrance on the Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial website and print your free ticket at home, or one with an educator in your chosen language at 45€ per person. The online system is easy to use and lets you see how many places left there are for every group entrance and everything detail. It is possible to get the your ticket at the Memorial, but depending on the day you might have to wait a bit to find a free spot to get in. My suggestion is to book in advance: get there at least half an hour before the time you see on your ticket, so you will make sure to get through all the security controls on time.

The visitors are allowed only tiny backpacks inside (max. 30x20x10 cm). In case you have a bigger one, you will be asked to use the available lockers. Before to be able to walk into the Memorial you will have to clear security controls much similar to those you see in any airport. The guards are absolutely patient: my husband forgot some painkillers for his headache in his pocket and thus the metal detector kept on dinging. It took him and the guards a while to understand what was going on and still they were never rude to us, patiently waiting for him to pick up all of his belongings before to let us walk away. So don’t forget anything into your pockets because the metal detectors are particularly sensitive!

The duration of a visit is determined by your interests and needs. It took us about 2/3 hours to visit the Auschwitz memorial before to go to Birkenau (a much shorter visit, even because it had started heavily snowing and we were freezing). If you are planning a trip, make sure you dedicate a good half day (if not more) to the memorial site. In case you’re booking for more than 10 people, know that you will have to hire a headphone guiding system, according to the rules.
As I mentioned earlier, we visited the Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial in Winter and sometimes it was difficult to walk around without slipping, because of the snow and ice. That’s why I think that it might be difficult for disabled persons to move around the grounds and buildings, especially because the buildings don’t have wheelchair ramps.
According to the rules, it is not recommented that children under 14 visit the Memorial, so if you are travelling with your kids, you might have to skip the visit: it is hard for adults, but it can be shattering for kids.

“Auschwitz I” (as opposed to “Auschwitz II – Birkenau“) was the main camp where Nazis started to bring men and, later on, also women. Here they carried out the first experiments using the Zyklon B in gas chambers to murder large numbers of people. Here they conducted the first experiments on prisoners and carried out most of the first executions by shooting or hanging.

As I said, the silence will accompany you throughout your visit. In this Memorial we walked through the blocks, square brick buildings preserved for the future generations. In each block we found hundreds of photos hanging to the walls. It isn’t uncommon to find people searching for relatives, checking out the numbers on the photos and those they had scribbled down  at home.

Back in 1955 the buildings became the perfect place to host documentary photographs, photocopies of documents, sculptures, garments, bunks and other furnishings from prisoner rooms, as well as items seized from the Jewish deportees. The permanent exibition is located in blocks 4, 5, 6, 7 and 11. I can’t speak for my husband, but I never knew many of the things I learned thanks to this Memorial.
Sure, I might’ve been impressed by the huge room full of women’s hair, on which studies have found particles of the Zyklon B, or the amount of brushes, combs and razors once belonging to the prisoners. But there are a few things that I will never forget.
First of all, the sad display of suitcases, with names, numbers and addresses clearly scribbled in white. The people who were sent to Auschwitz had no idea they weren’t going back home. First they were moved out of the cities because the Nazis and German citizens didn’t want to see Jews on the streets (it was common belief that they were spreading diseases), then even the ghettos became too close to the cities, so they told them that they had to move to work camps. Seeing all these suitcases was heart-wrenching.
Another blow was seeing the photos (and reading all the horrorific stories about it) of the kids and women used as test subjects by Joseph Mengele. He was a notorious member of the team of doctors responsible for the selection of victims to be murdered in the gas chambers and for performing horrorific human experiments on prisoners. He was obsessed by his genetic studies, so he was particularly interested in twins, people with physical abnormalities and women that he tried to mass sterilize in several ways. Block 10 was originally the “women camp“, and yet soon became an horror building. Between block 10 and block 11, where prisoners were hauled before the Gestapo Police Court, often punished by letting them starve to death in cells where they could only stand (you will get to see them inside), there’s the so called “Black Wall“. Prisoners who were lucky enough to be sentenced to immediate death by shooting were brought in this solitary courtyard in front of a wall cover that was put there so the bullets wouldn’t damage the brick wall behind. Today’s Black Wall is a reconstruction. In this courtyard millions of people have trod, including most of the world leaders of the Twentieth Century: the silence is deafening in front of the little bouquets of flowers scattered in the snow.

Birkenau, also called “Auschwitz II” is not too far away. You can pick up a free shuttle bus ride (black bus, in front of the Auschwitz entrance) that in a few minutes will bring you to the camp where the Nazis erected most of the machinery of mass extermination. The nearly 300 hectares of grounds include the ruins of the gas chambers and crematoria and places filled with human ashes. While Auschwitz I is more organized in blocks and permanent exhibitions, Birkenau has been left as it once was: half destroyed by the Nazis who tried to hide the horrors they performed before to run away. Here you will probably recognize the railroad coming from Auschwitz that disappear inside the camp, and one of the wagons used to carry the prisoners from one camp to the other. Birkenau was huge: more than 13 km of camp fencing, 10 km of camp roads and 2 km of rail track in a camp that was only designed for the extermination of humans. Even half destroyed as it is, it will give you the chills. Just have a look at the chimneys indicating the presence of a gas chamber and think of how many people have died in each one of them.
We walked with the others in silence, each one of us trying to cope with what we were seeing. Even on the bus ride nobody uttered a single word.

Why visiting, then?
First of all, as I mentioned before, you will learn so many things that you won’t find anywhere else. The visit to Auschwitz-Birkenau makes things personal: you get to see and experience with your eyes what happened and this will make it impossible to ignore the horrors of only about 70 years ago. Through the rubble, the piles of shoes, hair brushes and luggage, there were proofs of human dignity, honor, love and hope. Prisoners were often trying to help each other, even knowing what they would endure in case they were discovered. It sinks block after block, reading all the documents, seeing the pictures and watching the educational videos. The Nazis had taken everything, but they couldn’t take their dignity. 

It is easy to think that this could never happen again and just brush it off. Why should we spend a depressing day in a concentration camp when we could be shopping and eating fancy food at the Galeria Krakowska? Because living history is important. The scars of the conflict are there: the least we can do to honor all those who have died there is spreading the word, learning their story and make sure that these horrors are never repeated them. A visit to Auschwitz will make you really understand what religious intolerance, persecution of minorities, bigotry, hatred, abuse and discrimination can lead to.
With everything that is going on in the world nowadays, I strongly believe that we need a reminder.

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